德国力士乐柱塞泵A10VSO 10排量：
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA12N00
A10VSO10DR/52L-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DR/52L-PPA14N00
A10VSO10DR/52L-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DR/52L-PUC64N00E
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC14N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00E
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00 ESO857
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00 ESO858
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00 ESO938
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00 ESO938
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00-SO858
A10VSO10DR/52R-PKC64N00-SO938
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA14N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA14N00E
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA14N00-SO846
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA14N00-SO857
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA14N00-SO858
A10VSO10DR/52R-PPA64N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSA14N00
A10VSO10DFR/52L-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DFR/52L-PKC64N00 E
A10VSO10DFR/52L-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PKC14N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PKC64N00 E
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PKC64N00-S1645
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PPA14N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PPA14N00-SO858
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PSA14N00-SO858
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PSC64N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PUC64N00 E
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PUC64N00 E
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PUC64N00 ESO857
A10VSO10DFR/52R-PUC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DFR/52R-VUC14N00
A10VSO10DFR/52R-VUC14N00-SO420
A10VSO10DFR1/52L-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52L-PPA14N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52L-PSC14N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52L-PSC64N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52L-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PKC64N00 E
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PKC64N00 E
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PKC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PKC64N00-SO858
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PPA14N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PPA14N00-S1482
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PPA14N00-SO857
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PPA14N00-SO858
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSA14N00-S1915
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSA14N00-SO32
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSC14N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSC14N00-SO32
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSC64N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSC64N00E
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSC64N00 ES1768
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PSC64N00-S1768
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PUC64N00E
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PUC64N00E
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-PUC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-VPA14N00
A10VSO10DFR1/52R-VUC64N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSA14N00-S1482
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSA14N00-SO32
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSA14N00-SO857
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSC64N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSC64N00E
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSC64N00-SO858
A10VSO10DR/52R-PSC64N00-SO922
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC14N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC14N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC64N00E
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC64N00-S1768
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DR/52R-PUC64N00-SO858
A10VSO10DR/52R-VKC64N00 ES1768
A10VSO10DR/52R-VKC64N00-S1768
A10VSO10DR/52R-VPA14N00
A10VSO10DR/52R-VPA14N00-SO857
A10VSO10DR/52R-VSC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DRG/52L-PSC64N00
A10VSO10DRG/52L-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PKC14N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PKC64N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PKC64N00 E
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PKC64N00-SO846
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PKC64N00-SO857
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PKC64N00-SO858
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PPA14N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PPA14N00-SO857
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PPA14N00-SO858
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PPC14N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PSC14N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PSC14N00-SO857
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PSC64N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PUC14N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PUC64N00
A10VSO10DRG/52R-PUC64N00-SO857
A10VSO 18排量：
A10VSO18DR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DR/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO18DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DFR1/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO18DFR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DFLR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DRG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18DFE1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18FHD/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO18ED/31R-PPA12N00
德国力士乐柱塞泵A10VSO 28排量：
A10VSO28DR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DR/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO28DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DFR1/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO28DFR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DFLR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DRG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28DFE1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28FHD/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO28ED/31R-PPA12N00
德国力士乐柱塞泵A10VSO 45排量：
A10VSO45DR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DR/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPA12K02
A10VSO45DFR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DFR/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO45DFR/31R-PPA12K26
A10VSO45DFLR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DRG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45DFE1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45FHD/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO45ED/31R-PPA12N00
德国力士乐柱塞泵A10VSO 71排量：
A10VSO71DR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DR/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DFR1/31R-PPA12K02
A10VSO71DFR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DFR/31R-PPA12K27
A10VSO71DFLR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DRG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71DFE1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71FHD/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO71ED/31R-PPA12N00
德国力士乐柱塞泵A10VSO 100排量：
A10VSO100DR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DR/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO100DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DFR1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DFR1/31R-PPA12K01
A10VSO100DFR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DFLR/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DRG/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DFE1/31R-PPA12N00
A10VSO100DFE1/31R-PPA12K02
A10VSO100FHD/31R-PPA12N00
德国力士乐柱塞泵A10VSO 140排量：
A10VSO140DR/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DR/31R-PPB12K01
A10VSO140DFR1/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DFR1/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DFR1/31R-PPB12K01
A10VSO140DFR/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DFLR/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DG/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DRG/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DFE1/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140DFE1/31R-PPB12N002
A10VSO140FHD/31R-PPB12N00
A10VSO140ED/31R-PPB12N00
以上为德国力士乐A10VSO型号 (31和52系列)无通轴型柱塞泵10、18、28、45、71、100、140各排量常规型号。
(2)故障分析与排除
①靠重力回程的换向回路[图8-22(a) ][故障11液压缸 4不能上升
左位连通缸4的缸盖孔与柱塞外圆安装不同心，二者之间密封摩擦阻力大;换向阀3不能换向，处于
(阀芯应在右位);溢流阀压力上不去时，液压缸4不能上升。[故障21液压缸 4不能下降
柱塞与缸盖密封摩擦阻力大;阀3不能换向，处于右位连通(阀芯应在左位);运动部件(柱塞)重量太轻时，液压缸4不能下降。
可根据情况予以排除。
②靠弹簧返程的换向回路[图822?(b) ][故障11缸 4不能前进
阀3的电磁铁1DT未能通电;溢流阀2故障压力上不去;液压缸4弹簧太硬、以及活塞杆和活塞因密封过紧、或因-原因产生的摩擦力太大、液压缸别劲等情况时，缸4不能前进。可逐一查明原因，予以排除。
[故障21缸 4不能返回
阀3复位弹簧折断或漏装;液压缸4的弹簧太软，弹力不够等情况时，缸4不能返回。可查明原因予以排除。
值得特别提出的是，图8-22(b)中的液压缸4,其结构如表4-9中图a所例，在缸盖上务必加工一放气小孔(通常为$3mm)和确保其畅通，才能保证这种液压缸的顺利前进和后退。
③依靠正、反转泵的换向回路[图8-22(c) ]
这种回路产生的不能换向的故障和排除方法有:因溢流阀1、 2故障，系统压力上不去;液压缸活塞与活塞杆摩擦阻力大，别劲;两液控单向阀4与5因阀芯卡死或因控制压力不够，不能打开，而不能回油;液控单向阀阀芯卡死在常开位置，则系统压力上不去，使缸不能换向。
可根据上述情况逐-排除。
④用换向阀换向的方向控制回路(图8-23)[故障1]1液压缸不换向或换向不良
产生液压缸不换向或换向不良这一故障，有泵方面的原因，有阀方面的原因，有回路方面的原因，也有液压缸本身的原因。有关液压缸不换向或换向的详细原因和排除方法可参阅第4章。
[故障2]三位换向阀的中位机能(含两位阀的过渡位置机能)选用不当有可能出现故障换向阀的中位机能不仅在阀芯处于中位时对液压系统的工作状态有影响，而且在换向阀由一个工作位置转换到另一个工作位置时，对液压系统的工作性能也有影响。换言之，选择不同中位机能的阀，会先天性地存在某些不可抗拒的故障，反之如果选择得好，可排除和防止某些故障的发生(见表8-3)。
a.系统保压和不能保压可能存在问题(系统干涉问题)。当与液压泵相连的接口P被中位机能断开的(如国产的O型、德国力士乐的E型)，系统可保压，这时液压泵能用多液压缸液压系统而不会产生干涉;当接口P与通油箱的接口O或T接通而又不太畅通时(如国产的x型，德国力士乐的V型),系统能维持某一较低的压力，供控制油使用;当P与O畅通(如国产的H型、M型，力士乐的H型、G型、S型等)时，系统便不能保压，含有这些中位机能的阀，将不能用于多缸系统的防干涉回路。
b.系统卸荷可能存在问题。 当换向阀选择中位机能为接口P与接口0(或T)畅通的阀(例如国产的H型、M型、K型，德国力士乐的G型、H型、F型)时，液压泵系统可卸荷，防止油液发热。但此时便不能用于 多液压缸系统，否则-液压缸便会产生不能动作或不能换向的故障。
C.换向平稳性和换向精度可能存在问题。当 选用中位机能使接口A和B各自封闭的阀，液压缸换向时易产生液压冲击，换向平稳性差，但换向精度较高;反之，当A与B都与O接通时，在液压缸换向过程中，不易迅速制动，换向精度低，但换向平稳性好，液压冲击也小。
c. There may be problems in commutation stationarity and commutation accuracy. When the valve of inte-ce A and B can be closed by the central computer, the hydraulic impact is easily produced when the hydraulic cylinder is reversed, and the commutation stability is poor, but the commutation precision is higher. On the contrary, when A and B are connected with O, in the course of hydraulic cylinder commutation, it is not easy to brake quickly, the commutation precision is low, but the commutation stability is good, and the hydraulic impact is also small.
，理另外，在使用电磁换向阀的换向回路中，是借助电磁铁的吸力推动阀心使之在阀体内作相对运动来改变阀的工作位置，以实现执行元件换向的。它切换迅速，换向时间短，因此在换向切换时，必然会产生液压冲击和换向冲击。此时可改用手动换向阀或带阻尼的电液换向阀加以改善:前者因可用手操纵杠杆推动阀芯相对阀体移动速度，不像电磁阀那么迅速，可逐渐打开或关闭阀口，具有节流阻尼、缓冲作用，这在工程机械上普遍使用的多路阀上得到验证。后者电液阀即保留电磁阀的某些优点，又可通过对阻尼的调节，减缓主换向阀(液动阀)的切换速度。二者均可减少冲击的发生程度。
In addition, in a reversing circuit using a solenoid commutation valve, the valve core is driven by suction of the electromagnet to make a relative motion in the valve body to change the working position of the valve in order to realize the commutation of the executing element. It switches quickly, the commutation time is short, so in the commutation switching, it will inevitably produce hydraulic impact and commutation impact. At this point, manual reversing valve or damped electro-hydraulic reversing valve can be used to improve: the former can gradually open or close the valve port because it can be operated by hand to push the valve core moving speed relative to the valve body, which is not as fast as the solenoid valve. It has throttling damping and buffering effect, which is verified on multi-way valves which are widely used in construction machinery. The latter electro-hydraulic valve not only retains some advantages of the solenoid valve, but also can slow down the switching speed of the main reversing valve (hydraulic valve) by adjusting the damping. Both of them can reduce the degree of impact.
