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20V5A
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20V6A
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20V7A
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20V8A
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20V9A
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35V25A
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45V42A
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45V76A
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2520V双联
3525V双联
20V2A-86A22R
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20V2A-86C22R
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4535V双联
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45V76A-86D22R
(7)定期检查液压油质量,保持液压油的清洁。在检查液压油质量时,主要检查以下三个方面的内容:①液压油的氧化程度液压油在使用中,由于温度的变化,空气中氧及太阳光的作用,将会逐渐被氧化,使其粘度等性能改变。氧化的程度,通常从液压油的颜色、气味上判断。如果液压油的颜色呈黑褐色,并有恶臭味说明已被氧化。褐色越深,恶臭味越浓,则说明被氧化的程度越厉害。此时,应更换新油。②液压油中含水分的程度液压油中如果混人水分,将会降低其润滑性能,腐蚀金属。判断液压油中混入水分的程度,通常有两种方法,一是根据其颜色和气味的变化情况,如液压油的颜色呈乳白色,气味没变,则说明混人水分过多。二是取少量液压油滴在灼热的铁板上,如果发出“叭叭”的声音,则说明含有水份。此时,应更换新油。③液压油中含有杂质的情况在机械工作一段时间后,取数滴液压油放在手上,用手指捻一下,察看是否有金属颗粒,或在太阳光下观察是否有微小的闪光点。如果有较多的金属颗粒或闪光点,则证明液压油含有机械杂质较多。这时,应更换液压油,或将液压油放出,进行不少于42h以上时间的沉淀,然后再将其过滤后使用。
(8)更换液压油时,注意应在机械刚工作完毕,趁液压油热的时候放出(以便容易把机械杂质、油污等带出)。具体办法是:操纵工作装置使其置于最高位置,关闭发动机,利用其自重下降,使油缸彻底排油,然后彻底清洗油箱及相应管路,加人新的液压油。
(9)正确清洗液压系统。清洗液最好采用系统用过、牌号相同的液压油。切忌使用煤油或柴油作清洗液。清洗时应采用尽可能大的流量,使管路中的液流呈紊流状态,并完成各个执行元件的动作,以便将污染物从各个泵、闹与液压缸等元件中冲洗出来。清洗结束后,在热状态下排掉清洗液,按更换油的方法加人新的工作油液。
防止油温过高
液压系统的温度,根据实验,一般在35t~60℃范围内最为合适,最高应不超过80℃。在正常的油温下,液压油各种性能良好。油温过高会使液压系统产生很多不良影响,如粘度下降,润滑油膜变薄并易被损坏,润滑性能变差,容积效率低,机械磨损加剧,橡胶密封圈加速老化,密封性能随之降低等。因此在使用中,应控制系统油温保持在正常范围。
为此,应做到以下几点:
(1)保持油箱中的正常油量,使系统有足够的油液进行循环冷却。
(2)在执行机构不工作时,应及时使系统卸荷。
(3)经常清洗冷却装置,使其保持良好的工作状态。
(4)根据工作环境温度,选用合适粘度的液压油:周围环境温度高,应选用高粘度油,周围环境温度低,应选用低粘度油。在一般环境温度下,齿轮泵宜选用50℃时18~38pf/s的油。
(5)气温较高时,机械不可连续运转时间过长,通常在气温高于30℃的条件下,机械连续作业时间不得超过4h。